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High Arctic relocation
The High Arctic relocation (French: ''La délocalisation du Haut-Arctique'', Inuktitut: ᖁᑦᑎᒃᑐᒥᐅᑦᑕ ᓅᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ ''Quttiktumut nuutauningit''〔ᕉᒪᓂ ᒪᒃᑭᒃ Romani Makkik (2009), (ᖁᑦᑎᒃᑐᒥᐅᑦᑕ ᓅᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ The High Arctic Relocations ), ᓇᓃᓕᖅᐱᑕ Naniiliqpita, fall 2009〕) took place during the Cold War in the 1950s, when 87 Inuit were moved by the Government of Canada to the High Arctic.〔''The High Arctic Relocation: A Report on the 1953–55 Relocation'' by René Dussault and George Erasmus, produced by the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, published by Canadian Government Publishing, 1994 (190 pages)()〕
The relocation has been a source of controversy: on one hand being described as a humanitarian gesture to save the lives of starving native people and enable them to continue a subsistence lifestyle; and on the other hand, said to be a forced migration instigated by the federal government to assert its sovereignty in the Far North by the use of "human flagpoles",〔 in light of both the Cold War and the disputed territorial claims to the Arctic archipelago. Both sides acknowledge that the relocated Inuit were not given sufficient support to prevent extreme privation during their first years after the move.
==The move==
In August 1953, seven or eight families from Inukjuak, northern Quebec (then known as Port Harrison) were transported to Grise Fiord on the southern tip of Ellesmere Island and to Resolute Bay on Cornwallis Island.〔〔〔(Grise Fiord history )〕 The families, who had been receiving welfare payments, were promised better living and hunting opportunities in new communities in the High Arctic. They were joined by three families recruited from the more Northern community of Pond Inlet (in the then Northwest Territories, now part of Nunavut) whose purpose was to teach the Inukjuak Inuit skills for survival in the High Arctic.〔〔 The methods of recruitment and the reasons for the relocations have been disputed. The government stated that volunteer families had agreed to participate in a program to reduce areas of perceived overpopulation and poor hunting in Northern Quebec, to reduce their dependency on welfare, and to resume a subsistence lifestyle.〔〔 In contrast, the Inuit reported that the relocations were forced and were motivated by a desire to reinforce Canadian sovereignty in the Arctic Archipelago by creating settlements in the area. The Inuit were taken on the Eastern Arctic Patrolship C.G.S. ''C.D. Howe'' to areas on Cornwallis and Ellesmere Islands (Resolute and Grise Fiord), both large barren islands in the hostile polar north.〔 While on the boat the families learned that they would not be living together but would be left at three separate locations.〔
In "Relocation to the High Arctic", Alan R. Marcus proposes that the relocation of the Inuit not only served as an experiment, but as an answer to the Eskimo problem. The federal government stressed that the Eskimo problem was linked to the Inuit's reluctance to give up their nomadic ways in areas that were supposedly overpopulated and went so far as to provide detailed accounts of poor hunting seasons and starvation within the Inukjuk area as a direct result of over-population. What's more is that the federal government knew the area in question was in the midst of a low trapping season due to the end of a four-year fox cycle.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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